The main components of TFT-type liquid crystal displays include fluorescent tubes, light guide plates, polarizing plates, filter plates, glass substrates, alignment films, liquid crystal materials, thin-mode transistors, and so on. First, the liquid crystal display must first use a backlight, that is, a fluorescent tube to project a light source. These light sources pass through a polarizing plate and then through the liquid crystal. At this time, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules changes the angle of light penetrating the liquid crystal. Then the light must pass through the colored filter film and another polarizing plate in the front. Therefore, we can control the final light intensity and color by changing the voltage value that stimulates the liquid crystal, and then can change the color combination of different shades on the liquid crystal panel.
The liquid crystal display technology is driven by an active-matrix addressing method, which is currently an ideal device for achieving high-data-density liquid crystal display effects with extremely high resolution. The method is to use the silicon transistor electrode made of thin film technology, and use the scanning method to select the on and off of any display point (pixel). This is actually using the non-linear function of the thin film transistor to replace the non-linear function of the liquid crystal which is difficult to control. As shown in the figure above, in the TFT-type liquid crystal display, the conductive glass is drawn with small net-like lines, and the electrodes are matrix switches arranged by thin film transistors. There is a control box where each line intersects. The driving signal quickly scans through each display point, but only the selected display point in the transistor matrix on the electrode gets enough voltage to drive the liquid crystal molecules, so that the liquid crystal molecular axis is turned to a "bright" contrast, which is not selected. The display point is naturally a "dark" contrast, thus avoiding the dependence of the display function on the ability of the liquid crystal electric field effect.